Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to quantify known materials, identify unknown compounds within a sample, and elucidate the structure and chemical properties of different molecules. The complete process involves the conversion of the sample into gaseous ions, with or without fragmentation, which is then characterized by their mass-to-charge ratios (m/z) and relative abundances.
Filtration is the process in which solid particles in a liquid or gaseous fluid are removed by the use of a filter medium that permits the fluid to pass through but retains the solid particles. Either the clarified fluid or the solid particles removed from the fluid may be the desired product. In some processes used in the production of chemicals, both the fluid filtrate and the solid filter cake are recovered. Other media, such as electricity, light, and sound, also can be filtered.