COVID-19 has become a worldwide challenge that demands researchers, policymakers, and governments address multiple dimensions that go far beyond this pandemic's implications for health and well-being. Just as the UN Sustainable Development Goals involve specialization in the connections between development policy sectors, the pandemic has exposed the complex global interdependencies that underpin economies and highlighted fault lines in societal structures that perpetuate ethnic, economic, social, and gender inequalities. As the immediate health consequences of the pandemic unfold and begin to be superseded by the impact of public health containment measures, a refocusing of research and action should be taken to mitigate these impacts and also to create sustainability and strengthened resilience in future recovery.