Neurological rehabilitation is a process aimed at enhancing an individual's social engagement and overall well-being. This definition emphasizes several key elements: the patient-centered approach, the focus on both social functioning and health/well-being, and the inclusion of all patients facing long-term challenges, regardless of their potential for recovery. Unlike traditional neurology, neurological rehabilitation extends beyond the underlying pathology, while always considering the initial diagnosis. Individuals with neurological disorders or illnesses can benefit from this type of rehabilitation, which aims to improve their functioning, alleviate debilitating symptoms, and enhance their quality of life. The specific rehabilitation treatments prescribed depend on the affected body parts impacted by the neurological condition. The primary focus of neurological rehabilitation is on addressing disability. While previously rooted in pragmatism, recent advancements in neuroscience have provided a more solid scientific foundation for neurological rehabilitation. A guiding principle is that the treatments and practices in this field should be based on scientific reasoning.