The branch of biology concerned with the role of the immune system in the progression and development of cancer is known as Tumor Immunology. The most well know application is Cancer Immune therapy where the immune system is used to treat cancer. It also is suggested that immunosurveillance primarily functions as a component of a more general process of cancer immunoediting.
Immunoediting induces selection for certain tumor cells, which lose dominant tumor-specific antigens allowing the tumor to progress. It has 3 main phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.